OUTDOOR LIGHTING
The outdoor lighting poles are tapered for optimum material usage and designed to withstand the required loads, poles can be circular, octagonal or multi-sided cross sections and heights up to 65 meters.

Types of Poles:

Hinged Poles

High Mast
 
o High mast with raising & lowering system

o Highmast with fixed head frames

Traffic signal poles

Flag Poles

Camera Poles

Street Lighting Poles

o Street lighting poles are suitable for lighting of inside city roads.

o Street lighting poles are manufactured from 3 to 20 meter with octagonal,  conical and round shapes. 

o To get the required height (for the above 15 meter poles) 2 shafts will be joined together by means of pressure over-lapping joint.

Structure of Street Lighting Poles:

Main Parts:
o Shaft
o Base plate
o Door cover   
o Anchor bolts
o Earth bolt

Optional:
o Template  
o Anchor plate
o Arm bracket

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

The basic elements of a telecommunications system are three (3) primary units which are always present in one form of another:-

1. A transmitter: that which takes information and converts it into a signal.

2. A transmission medium, also called the “physical channel”, which carries the signal.

3. A receiver, that takes the signal from the channel and converts it back into usable information.

Sometimes, telecommunications systems are “duplex” (two-way) with a single box of electronics working as both a transmitter and a receiver, or better known as a transceiver. A mobile phone is the classic example of a transceiver.

Cellular Networks
 
A cellular network is a radio network made up of a number of cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station. When joined together these cells provide radio coverage over a wide geographical area.  This enables a large number of portable transceivers (e.g. pagers, mobile phones, etc.) to communicate with each other and with fixed transceivers and phones anywhere in the network, via base stations, even if some of the transceivers are moving through more than one cell during transmission.

Structure of a Mobile Phone Cellular Network

At its most basic, a cellular mobile-radio network consists of the following components:-

o A network of radio base stations forming the Base Station Subsystem.
o The core circuit switched network for handling voice calls and text.
o A packet switched network for handling mobile data.
o The Public switched telephone network to connect subscribers to the wider telephony network.

This network is the foundation of the GSM system network. There are many functions performed by this network in order to make sure customers get the desired service including mobility management, registration, call set up and handoff.

The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) is the section of a traditional cellular telephone network responsible for handling traffic and signaling between a mobile phone and a network switching subsystem.  The core of the BSS is the Base Transceiver Station (BTS), which typically contains equipment necessary for the transmission and reception of radio signals, antennas and equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications with the base station controller (BSC). The function of a BTS will vary depending on the cellular technology used and the cellular telephone provider

Radio Transmission Towers

Radio masts and towers are usually tall structures designed and constructed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting.   The terms “mast” and “tower” can be used interchangeably, although a “mast” usually refers to a tower that is held up by guys or stay cables.  A tower, in contrast, is a self-supporting or cantilevered structure.